Signal transduction is the fundamental process by which cells convert external cues into tailored intracellular responses. Through a cascade of molecular events—beginning at the cell membrane with the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Brassinosteroids (BRs) form a group of steroidal hormones essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. BRs are perceived ...

Signal transduction by GRB2 and SOS1. When some substances bind to a membrane receptor, a reaction occurs between the receptor and GRB2, which then goes on to bind and activate SOS1. SOS1 can then ...

Efficient T-cell engineering is crucial for the success of CAR T-cell therapy research, but it requires multiple labor-intensive steps, including T-cell isolation, activation, and transduction.