The early universe, fresh from the Big Bang, was a hot, dense soup of simple elements: hydrogen, helium, and trace amounts of ...

If you’re a scientist studying the surface of Mars, few discoveries could be more exciting than seeing recent gullies apparently formed by running water. And that’s what scientists believed they saw ...

Without water, life on Earth could not exist as it does today. Understanding the history of water in the universe is critical to understanding how planets like Earth come to be. Astronomers typically ...