The accuracy of a 4-20 mA transmitter depends on the integrity of its current-loop path, which must be free of shunt paths and ground loops, both within the transmitter and external to it. External to ...

In the first three installments of this series, we discussed whether or not an old transmitter was even worth fixing, followed by some techniques I ve used to repair high-voltage power supplies, ...

Many industrial and control applications use analog current loops as the physical link for measurements and actuator control. Although several ranges are used, the most popular is still the 4- to ...