The objective of this project was to design a two stage operational amplifier to meet a list of given specifications using the TSMC 0.18 micron short channel process. All bias voltages were generated ...

The operational amplifier, or op amp, is one of the most basic building blocks used in analog circuits. Ever since single-chip op amps were introduced in the 1960s, thousands of different types have ...

Current‐mode amplifiers have emerged as a highly efficient alternative to traditional voltage‐mode systems, particularly in high frequency and low power electronic applications. Their ability to ...

To design a 2-stage, single-ended op-amp with PMOS inputs with the following design specifications. The first stage is a differential pair with a current mirror load. The second stage is a common ...