A phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism that result from the interaction between its genotype (genetic makeup) and the environment. It encompasses an organism's ...

Genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 affect both the effectiveness and the occurrence of side effects of many antidepressants. By drug-drug-gene interactions (also referred to as ...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more deaths than colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Of patients with NSCLC, 20% initially present with stage I or II disease, for which ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract The Price equation shows that evolutionary change can be written in terms of two fundamental variables: the fitness of parents (or ancestors) ...