Various theories exist regarding the mechanisms of stiff shoulder (SS). Potential etiological factors are adhesive capsulitis, [1] decreased capsular volume, [2,3] capsular contractions, [4] rotator ...

Posterior shoulder dislocation occurs when the top of the upper arm bone, known as the humerus, moves backward out of its socket. This causes pain, muscle spasms, and a limited range of motion. The ...

Over the last decade, the concept of internal impingement has continued to evolve, and the frequency with which this condition is recognised continues to increase. This syndrome should be clearly ...

Background Clinical approaches like mobilization, stretching, and/or massage may decrease shoulder tightness and improve symptoms in subjects with stiff shoulders. We investigated the effect and ...