H. macrantha flowers have both male and female reproductive organs. To avoid mating with themselves, individual flowers go through a male phase and then a female phase. They rely on hummingbirds to ...

This video segment adapted from NOVA explains how flowers play a central role in the reproductive cycle of plants. Their striking array of colors, patterns, fragrances, and nectar all require lots of ...

For plants that rely on animals for pollination, the ability to attract the animals to their flowers can be a crucial component of fitness. A large number of studies have documented pollinators to be ...

Sex in the garden is more straightforward for the birds and the bees than it’s for the plants. Reproductive processes vary among flowering plants; for many, there is more than one option. When ...

ANY biologically aware parent who has started talking about the birds and the bees will have realised halfway through that what they are really discussing is flowers. Bees carry pollen grains from one ...