Vortex rings are toroidal structures of fluid characterised by closed-loop vorticity that provide a compelling example of coherent structures in fluid dynamics. Their dynamics involve complex ...
Air rings blown by dolphins swimming underwater and rings of smoke emitted by jet engines are just two examples of vortex rings. These doughnut-shaped structures and their mesmerizing movement have ...
Liquid helium-4, which is in a superfluid state at cryogenic temperatures close to absolute zero (-273°C), has a special vortex called a quantized vortex that originates from quantum mechanical ...
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