Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital under the Mamluk Sultanate. The modern Syrian state was established in the mid-20th century after centuries of Ottoman rule, as …

3 days ago · Long-suppressed internal tensions led to the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011. Assad’s brutal response to the civil war failed to keep him in power and, after a tremendous amount …

Dec 23, 2025 · Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

5 days ago · Syrian government forces and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces agreed to de-escalate on Monday evening in the northern city of Aleppo, after a wave of attacks that both sides …

Nov 19, 2025 · Three campaigns drove the conflict: coalition efforts to defeat the self-proclaimed Islamic State, violence between the Syrian government and opposition forces, and military operations against ...

5 days ago · Syrian Protests Over Lack of Security Leave 2 Dead Days after a bombing at a mosque in a predominantly Alawite area, members of the religious minority in Syria demonstrated for better …

Dec 20, 2025 · Trust issues: 'Islamic State' supporters in the Syrian army? An attack on US troops by an "Islamic State" supporter in the Syrian military undermines the new Syrian state.